This is another collobrative effort of Dr Rampal with Pharmacologist Dr Sandra Maniam and Orthopaedic Consultant Dr Murugeswaran Silvaraju of Hospital Serdang.
The article was published November 2019 In Newsletter of Malaysia Medical Association .
Its describes the cost effectivity and the current evidence update on different non surgical interventions used locally in treatment of Knee osteoarthritis in Malaysia.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common arthritis that affects 100 million people globally. The worldwide prevalence estimate 9.6% of men and 18.0% of women aged more than 60 years have symptomatic (painful) OA. Risk factors with strong evidence for OA onset and/or progression include age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, family history, joint injury, joint alignment, and occupational joint loading1. OA involves whole joint which includes structural alterations in the hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and periarticular muscles2. It is an active and dynamic cartilage composition changes that arise from an imbalance between repair and destruction of joint tissues3.

Dr Sandra Maniam
Pharmacologist
Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences
University Putra Malaysia

Dr Murugeswaran Silvaraju
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hospital Serdang
Ministry of Health Malaysia